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Key identifying traits
Abundant yellow snapdragon type flowers
Flowers 1 inch long with a bearded, orange throat
Leaves are pale green, numerous, narrow, pointed at both ends and 2
1/2 inches long
Fruit is round, ¼ inch in diameter and brown with 2 cells having
many seeds
Seeds are dark brown to black, 1/12 inch diameter, flattened with a
papery wing
Biology and ecology
- A perennial spreading from seeds and roots
- Tends to grow in patches as it spreads by roots
- Introduced and spread as an ornamental; also known as "butter
and eggs"
- 1 to 2 feet tall; shorter than Dalmatian toadflax
- Extensive root system makes control difficult
- Aggressive invader of rangeland; able to displace desirable
grasses
- Also found along roadsides, waste areas and fields
Control
Prevention – Learn to
identify plants; know your property; beware of fill dirt, hay and seed
from outside your area
Biological – Several agents have been found on yellow toadflax,
but with no substantial impact yet
Cultural – Good vegetative cover helps but does not prevent
establishment or spread
Mechanical – Usually will not stand regular cultivation –regular
cutting and digging can weaken infestations but must be repeated to be
effective
Chemical – Several effective at label rates but usually
requires repeat treatment to kill extensive root systems;
refer to the
PNW Weed Management Handbook for specific chemical recommendations |
why it’s sometimes called "butter & eggs"
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