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GENEALOGY
Original sources for U.S.
release was Italy and Hungary. First U.S. releases made in 1985. Now
established in numerous states, especially Montana.
LIFE CYCLE
Eggs are deposited in June
through early fall on the plant stem at or just under the soil surface.
Larvae hatch and actively feed on roots from July through the winter, and
into the following spring. Larvae are so small that a microscope is
generally needed to see them. Depending on the climate of a particular
site, adults may emerge from June through early fall. Adults are about 4mm
long, and will jump when disturbed.
EFFECT
Both adult and larvae damage
the plant. Adults feed on leaves and flowers. Larvae feed in and on roots
hairs and young roots.
DISTRIBUTION
This agent is not yet established in Stevens County.
COMMENTS
Aphthona flava was the first flea beetle to be released against Leafy
Spurge in the United States. Around Bozeman Montana it’s effect has been
spectacular. There are numerous species of the Aphthona flea beetle. All
have similarities in life cycle and habit, but some are better adapted for
certain soil type, moisture regime, plant community, and exposure.
The most heavily infested Leafy Spurge areas in Stevens County are
found on rugged, dry, hot, sandy sites in southern Stevens County. Efforts
to establish this agent there started in 2001. Each year large numbers (a
mix of species) have been released, but have thus far failed to establish
in Stevens County. Efforts will continue.
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